Spring AI Alibaba 实战：用 Supervisor 构建可持久化的 Java 多智能体助手

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.7</version>
</parent>

<properties>
    <java.version>17</java.version>
    <spring-ai.version>1.1.2</spring-ai.version>
    <spring-ai-alibaba.version>1.1.2.2</spring-ai-alibaba.version>
</properties>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-bom</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-ai.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-bom</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-ai-alibaba.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-starter-dashscope</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-agent-framework</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

spring:
  ai:
    dashscope:
      api-key: ${AI_DASHSCOPE_API_KEY}

export AI_DASHSCOPE_API_KEY="你的密钥"

@Component
public class CalendarTools {

    @Tool(description = "检查指定 ISO-8601 起止时间内是否有空闲时段")
    public String getAvailableTimeSlots(
            @ToolParam(description = "开始时间，例如 2026-07-28T14:00:00+08:00") String start,
            @ToolParam(description = "结束时间，例如 2026-07-28T15:00:00+08:00") String end) {
        return "AVAILABLE: " + start + " ~ " + end;
    }

    @Tool(description = "创建日历事件；调用前必须已经确认时间可用")
    public String createCalendarEvent(
            @ToolParam(description = "事件标题") String title,
            @ToolParam(description = "ISO-8601 开始时间") String start,
            @ToolParam(description = "ISO-8601 结束时间") String end) {
        String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        return "CREATED eventId=" + id + ", title=" + title;
    }
}

@Component
public class EmailTools {

    @Tool(description = "发送邮件。仅接受已经确认的收件人、主题和正文")
    public String sendEmail(String recipient, String subject, String body) {
        return "SENT to=" + recipient + ", subject=" + subject;
    }
}

@Configuration
public class AgentConfiguration {

    @Bean
    MemorySaver memorySaver() {
        return new MemorySaver();
    }

    @Bean
    ReactAgent calendarAgent(ChatModel model, CalendarTools tools) {
        return ReactAgent.builder()
                .name("schedule_event")
                .description("检查空闲时间并创建日历事件，输入为自然语言日程请求")
                .systemPrompt("""
                    你是日历助理。先把时间转换为带时区的 ISO-8601 格式，
                    再检查空闲时段；只有可用时才创建事件。
                    最终回答必须包含事件 ID 和确认后的起止时间。
                    """)
                .model(model)
                .methodTools(tools)
                .inputType(String.class)
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    ReactAgent emailAgent(ChatModel model, EmailTools tools) {
        return ReactAgent.builder()
                .name("manage_email")
                .description("根据明确的收件人和上下文撰写并发送邮件")
                .systemPrompt("""
                    你是邮件助理。不得猜测收件地址；缺少地址就要求补充。
                    发送前检查主题、正文和会议时间是否一致。
                    最终回答给出发送状态，不输出敏感凭据。
                    """)
                .model(model)
                .methodTools(tools)
                .inputType(String.class)
                .build();
    }
}

@Bean
ReactAgent supervisorAgent(
        ChatModel model,
        ReactAgent calendarAgent,
        ReactAgent emailAgent,
        MemorySaver memorySaver) {

    return ReactAgent.builder()
            .name("personal_assistant")
            .systemPrompt("""
                你是任务协调者，可以安排日历和发送邮件。
                先拆解请求，再按依赖顺序调用专业工具。
                邮件依赖会议结果时，必须先完成日历操作。
                不要声称执行了未返回成功结果的操作。
                """)
            .model(model)
            .saver(memorySaver)
            .tools(
                AgentTool.getFunctionToolCallback(calendarAgent),
                AgentTool.getFunctionToolCallback(emailAgent))
            .build();
}

@Component
public class DemoRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
    private final ReactAgent supervisorAgent;

    public DemoRunner(ReactAgent supervisorAgent) {
        this.supervisorAgent = supervisorAgent;
    }

    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        String request = "下周二 14:00 安排一小时设计评审，"
                + "然后给 design@example.com 发一封提醒邮件";

        AssistantMessage result = supervisorAgent.call(new UserMessage(request));
        System.out.println(result.getText());
    }
}

User
  -> Supervisor
      -> schedule_event
          -> get_available_time_slots
          -> create_calendar_event
      -> manage_email
          -> send_email
  -> 汇总最终结果

DRAFT -> WAITING_APPROVAL -> EXECUTING -> SUCCEEDED / FAILED

mvn dependency:tree